Mnemotechnics in Second-Language Learning
نویسنده
چکیده
For some time I have been involved in efforts to develop computer-controlled systems for instruction. One such effort has been a computer-assistedinstruction (CAI) program for teaching reading in the primary grades (Atkinson, 1974) and another for teaching computer science at the college level (Atkinson, in press). The goal has been to use psychological theory to devise optimal instructional procedures—procedures that make moment-by-moment decisions based on the student's unique response history. To help guide some of the theoretical aspects of this work, research has also been done on the restricted but well-defined problem of optimizing the teaching of a foreign language vocabulary. This is an area in which mathematical models provide an accurate description of learning, and these models can be used in conjunction with the methods of control theory to develop precise algorithms for sequencing instruction among vocabulary items. Some of this work has been published, and those who have read about it know that the optimization schemes are quite effective—far more effective than procedures that permit the learner to make his own instructional decisions (Atkinson, 1972a, 1972b; Atkinson & Paulson, 1972). In conducting these vocabulary learning experiments, I have been struck by the incredible variability in learning rates across subjects. Even Stanford University students, who are a fairly select sample, display impressively large betweensubject differences. These differences may reflect differences in fundamental abilities, but it is easy to demonstrate that they also depend on the strategies that subjects bring to bear on the task. Good learners can introspect with ease about a "bag of tricks" for learning vocabulary items, whereas poor
منابع مشابه
Concept Revision of Age, Motivation, and Error Correction in Second Language Learning
The current review article investigates some variables contributing to English language teaching and learning. Three factors of age, motivation and error correction have been of importance in English language curricula in language centres. Some studies have been conducted to investigate various effects of these three components on English language acquisition, those studies, however, may lack d...
متن کاملAspects of Culture in Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Learning, J. Arabski & A. Wojtaszek (2011), ISBN 9783642202001
متن کامل
The Use of Educational Humor in the Process of Learning and Teaching: A Special Facilitator for Second Language Learners
The Use of Educational Humor in the Process of Learning and Teaching: A Special Facilitator for Second Language Learners A. Zeyaa'ee Mehr, Ph.D. Research on educational humor during the past two decades demonstrates both the role and the impact of humor on the processes of learning and teaching, especially in the area of second/foreign language learning. There are a number of theories...
متن کاملSecond Language System of Motivational Selves and English Language Skills: The Role of Socio-Economic Status among Iranian Language Learners
Second Language System of Motivational Selves and English Language Skills: The Role of Socio-Economic Status among Iranian Language Learners1 A. Parastaar Aski* M.H. Abdollaahi, Ph.D.** A. R. Moraadi, Ph.D.*** H. R. Hassanaabaadi, Ph.D.**** Learning English in Iran is quite popular, yet not all are successful at this task. To shed light on this dilemma and its root causes, the ro...
متن کاملPronunciation Barriers and Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL): Coping the Demands of 21st Century in Second Language Learning Classroom in Pakistan
Pronunciation of English language is a very important sub-skill of speaking module in second language learning process. However, it is ignored, neglected, and even never gotten least attention by the teachers, administrators, and stakeholders especially in Pakistan. Grammar, vocabulary, and the other linguistic skills such as reading and writing are emphasized whereas pronunciation has never be...
متن کاملLearning a second language and working memory: the role of bilinguali
the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the function of working memory in bilingual, monolingual children and children with learning disorder. The research project was of comparative causality type. Participants included 60 monolingual children, 34 children with learning disabilities and 62 bilingual children. Which completed the Wechsler Intelligence Scale and preschool children's Wec...
متن کامل